What Is Endometriosis?

Living with discomfort that disrupts your life every day isn’t something anyone should face without answers. Endometriosis is a condition that affects countless women, yet its complexity often leaves many searching for clarity. At its core, endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) begins to grow outside the uterine cavity. These growths most commonly occur in the pelvic region but can also appear in other areas of the body, creating a range of symptoms that can vary significantly in severity. Here are some of the most common symptoms of endometriosis to be aware of:

• Pelvic Pain – Persistent or severe pelvic pain is a hallmark symptom, often worsening during menstrual periods due to inflammation caused by tissue growth.
• Painful Periods (Dysmenorrhea) – Menstrual cramps may become significantly intense and last longer than usual, impacting overall comfort.
• Pain During Intercourse – Pain occurring with or after sex is a potential symptom linked to inflammation from misplaced tissue.
• Digestive Issues – Symptoms like bloating, constipation, diarrhoea, or even nausea may result from tissue affecting nearby organs.
• Infertility – Struggling to conceive can sometimes be a sign, as endometriosis may interfere with ovulation or implantation.

What Causes Endometriosis?

The exact cause of endometriosis remains unclear. Researchers believe it develops when tissue similar to the uterine lining begins to grow outside the uterus, often due to factors like retrograde menstruation, hormonal imbalances, or immune system conditions. Genetics may also play a role – if someone in your biological family, like your mother, sister, or grandmother, has had endometriosis, you may be at higher risk.

Endometriosis typically affects females aged 20 to 40, but can also occur during teenage years. While many experience improvements after menopause, managing endometriosis effectively is vital for maintaining quality of life.

What Are the Potential Complications of Endometriosis?

Endometriosis can lead to various complications that may affect your overall health and the activities you love. Chronic pain is a common concern for many women and often prompts a pelvic pain diagnosis. Endometriosis is unfortunately also a leading cause of infertility, as it can interfere with reproductive processes during conception.

Severe cases may also result in gastrointestinal or urinary complications. For example, tissue growth near the bladder or intestines can cause pain or blood during urination or bowel movements. Endometriosis could have an impact on the diaphragm or lungs and cause breathing difficulties, though these cases are rare. Our women’s health specialists can identify these concerns early and help improve your quality of life with effective treatment options.

How We Diagnose Endometriosis

To diagnose or rule out endometriosis, we’ll first have a discussion about your symptoms, medical history, and if any close family members have experienced the condition. The gynecologist will perform a pelvic exam to identify any abnormalities, and imaging tests such as ultrasounds or MRIs might help locate suspected growths more clearly.

To definitively confirm an endometriosis diagnosis, a laparoscopy is necessary. This procedure allows the surgeon to examine the pelvic area using a small camera and collect tissue samples (biopsy) for testing. Laparoscopy may also involve removing endometrial-like tissue to relieve symptoms.

Comprehensive Endometriosis Treatment Options

Finding relief from endometriosis shouldn’t be an uphill battle. Sussex Premier Health offers several effective approaches to help manage your condition. We’ll develop a personalised treatment plan, which can involve medication, surgical intervention, or a combination of both. Let’s explore the primary options available to address endometriosis:

Medications for Endometriosis

• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) – These over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen, help reduce inflammation and alleviate mild to moderate pelvic pain.
• Hormonal Birth Control – Options include pills, patches, rings, and IUDs. These offer a way to regulate or eliminate periods, reducing painful symptoms.
• Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists and Antagonists – These medications temporarily suppress the menstrual cycle, alleviating pain by halting the hormone activity that promotes endometriosis.
• Danazol – This hormonal treatment reduces the production of oestrogen, helping manage severe symptoms linked with endometrial tissue growth.

Surgical Treatments for Endometriosis

• Laparoscopic Surgery – Our surgeons use small instruments and a camera to locate and remove endometriosis tissue, often offering significant pain relief and improved outcomes.
• Hysterectomy – For those with severe cases, removing the uterus and/or ovaries might be recommended. This option is generally considered a last resort.